Emperor Pedro II of Brazil

Emperor Pedro II of Brazil Emperor Pedro II of Brazil: Pedro II, of the House of Braganà §a, was Emperor of Brazil from 1841 to 1889. He was a fine ruler who did much for Brazil and held the nation together during chaotic times. He was an even-tempered, intelligent man who was generally respected by his people. The Empire of Brazil: In 1807 the Portuguese royal family, the House of Braganà §a, fled Europe just ahead of Napoleons troops. The ruler, Queen Maria, was mentally ill, and the decisions were made by Crown Prince Joo. Joo brought along his wife Carlota of Spain and his children, including a son who would eventually be Pedro I of Brazil. Pedro married Leopoldina of Austria in 1817. After Joo returned to claim the throne of Portugal after the defeat of Napoleon, Pedro I declared Brazil independent in 1822. Pedro and Leopoldina had four children survive into adulthood: the youngest, born on December 2, 1825, was also named Pedro and would become Pedro II of Brazil when crowned. Youth of Pedro II: Pedro lost both his parents at an early age. His mother died in 1829 when Pedro was only three. His father Pedro the elder returned to Portugal in 1831 when young Pedro was only five: Pedro the elder would die of tuberculosis in 1834. Young Pedro would have the best schooling and tutors available, including Josà © Bonifcio de Andrada, one of the leading Brazilian intellectuals of his generation. Apart from Bonifcio, the greatest influences on young Pedro were his beloved governess, Mariana de Verna, who he affectionately called â€Å"Dadama† and who was a surrogate mother to the young boy, and Rafael, an afro-Brazilian war veteran who had been a close friend of Pedro’s father. Unlike his father, whose exuberance precluded dedication to his studies, young Pedro was an excellent student. Regency and Coronation of Pedro II: Pedro the elder abdicated the throne of Brazil in favor of his son in 1831: Pedro the younger was only five years old. Brazil was ruled by a regency council until Pedro came of age. While young Pedro continued his studies, the nation threatened to fall apart. Liberals around the nation preferred a more democratic form of government and despised the fact that Brazil was ruled by an Emperor. Revolts broke out all over the country, including major outbreaks in Rio Grande do Sul in 1835 and again in 1842, Maranho in 1839 and So Paulo and Minas Gerais in 1842. The regency council was barely able to hold Brazil together long enough to be able to hand it over to Pedro. Things got so bad that Pedro was declared of age three and a half years ahead of time: he was sworn in as Emperor on July 23, 1840, at the age of fourteen, and officially crowned about a year later on July 18, 1841. Marriage to Teresa Cristina of the Kingdom of the two Sicilies: History repeated itself for Pedro: years before, his father had accepted marriage with Maria Leopoldina of Austria based on a flattering portrait only to be disappointed when she arrived to Brazil: the same thing happened to Pedro the younger, who agreed to marriage with Teresa Cristina of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies after seeing a painting of her. When she arrived, young Pedro was noticeably disappointed. Unlike his father, however, Pedro the younger always treated Teresa Cristina extremely well and never cheated on her. He came to love her: when she died after forty-six years of marriage, he was heartbroken. They had four children, of which two daughters lived into adulthood. Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil: Pedro was tested early and often as Emperor and consistently proved himself able to deal with his nation’s problems. He showed a firm hand with the continuing revolts in different parts of the country. Dictator of Argentina Juan Manuel de Rosas often encouraged dissension in southern Brazil, hoping to pry off a province or two to add to Argentina: Pedro responded by joining a coalition of rebellious Argentine states and Uruguay in 1852 which militarily deposed Rosas. Brazil saw many improvements during his reign, such as railways, water systems, paved roads and improved port facilities. A continued close relationship with Great Britain gave Brazil an important trading partner. Pedro and Brazilian Politics: His power as ruler was kept in check by an aristocratic Senate and en elected Chamber of Deputies: these legislative bodies controlled the nation, but Pedro held a vague poder moderador or moderation power: in other words, he could affect legislation already proposed, but could not initiate much of anything himself. He used his power judiciously, and the factions in the legislature were so contentious among themselves that Pedro was able to effectively wield much more power than he supposedly had. Pedro always put Brazil first, and his decisions were always made on what he thought was best for the country: even the most dedicated opponents of monarchy and Empire came to respect him personally. The War of the Triple Alliance: Pedro’s darkest hours came during the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870). Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay had been scrapping – militarily and diplomatically – over Uruguay for decades, while politicians and parties in Uruguay played their larger neighbors off against one another. In 1864, the war got more heated: Paraguay and Argentina went to war and Uruguayan agitators invaded southern Brazil. Brazil was soon sucked into the conflict, which eventually pitted Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil (the triple alliance) against Paraguay. Pedro made his greatest mistake as head of state in 1867 when Paraguay sued for peace and he refused: the war would drag on for three more years. Paraguay was eventually defeated, but at great cost to Brazil and her allies. As for Paraguay, the nation was completely devastated and took decades to recover. Slavery: Pedro II disapproved of slavery and worked hard to abolish it. It was a huge problem: in 1845, Brazil was home to about 7-8 million people: five million of them were slaves. Slavery was an important issue during his reign: Pedro and Brazils close allies the British opposed it (Britain even chased slaver ships into Brazilian ports) and the wealthy landowner class supported it. During the American Civil War, the Brazilian legislature quickly recognized the Confederate States of America, and after the war a group of southern slaveowners even relocated to Brazil. Pedro, stymied in his efforts to outlaw slavery, even set up a fund to buy freedom for slaves and once purchased the freedom of a slave on the street. Still, he managed to whittle away at it: in 1871 a law was passed which made children born to slaves free. Slavery was finally abolished in 1888: Pedro, in Milan at the time, was overjoyed. End of Pedros Reign and Legacy: In the 1880s the movement to make Brazil into a democracy gained momentum. Everyone, including his enemies, respected Pedro II himself: they hated the Empire, however, and wanted change. After the abolition of slavery, the nation became even more polarized. The military became involved, and in November of 1889, they stepped in and removed Pedro from power. He endured the insult of being confined to his palace for a time before being encouraged to go into exile: he left on November 24. He went to Portugal, where he lived in an apartment and was visited by a steady stream of friends and well-wishers until his death on December 5, 1891: he was only 66 but his long time in office (58 years) had aged him beyond his years. Pedro II was one of Brazils finest rulers. His dedication, honor, honesty and morality kept his growing nation on an even keel for over 50 years while other South American nations fell apart and warred with one another. Perhaps Pedro was such a good ruler because he had no taste for it: he frequently said that he would rather be a teacher than an emperor. He kept Brazil on the path to modernity, but with a conscience. He sacrificed much for his homeland, including his personal dreams and happiness. When he was deposed, he simply said that if the people of Brazil didnt want him as Emperor, he would leave, and thats just what he did - one suspects he sailed off with a bit of relief. When the new republic formed in 1889 had growing pains, the people of Brazil soon found they missed Pedro terribly. When he passed away in Europe, Brazil shut down in mourning for a week, even though there was no official holiday. Pedro is fondly remembered by Brazilians today, who have given him the nickname the Magnanimous. His remains, and those of Teresa Cristina, were returned to Brazil in 1921 to great fanfare. The people of Brazil, many of whom still remembered him, turned out in droves to welcome his remains home. He holds a position of honor as one of the most distinguished Brazilians in history. Sources: Adams, Jerome R. Latin American Heroes: Liberators and Patriots from 1500 to the Present. New York: Ballantine Books, 1991. Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000. Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Levine, Robert M. The History of Brazil. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Just Some Bad Logic essays

Just Some Bad Logic essays The Battle For Medical Marijuana in The War on Drugs is an article written by William E. Stempsey debating over why the dispute against the legalization of medical marijuana is just bad logic. The article is clearly for the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes and gives several opinions on why opponents of this issue are incorrect with their arguments. Stempsey argues three main points in this article and I feel that all three contain fallacies. I oppose legalization for medicinal uses because I feel that it is just a cover for outright legalization. Many promoters deceitfully claim that their only goal is to help the seriously ill but there are legitimate prescription drugs out there that can already accomplish the same task. The issues of pain relief and legalization are distinct and separate. The nausea-relieving, appetite-stimulating properties of marijuana can be and is reproduced in pill form. On the other hand, taking those pills may not be as pleasant or as effective to a patient when compared to lighting up a joint. Stempsey claims that marijuanas medicinal effectiveness has been proven by the thousands of patients who have used it illegally. He then asks, Should it matter whether the relief of nausea and pain is the result of some scientifically proven direct chemical action of marijuana or is the result of a marijuana-induced euphoria? But then again, why should we subject such people to the more than 400 toxic chemicals found in street "pot"? Though the medical profession has not been as responsive as it should have been in relieving pain and other symptoms of those suffering from major diseases, that is no reason to leap to legalization of mind-altering drugs. Stempsey insists, Marijuana has been so effective in many cases that people have been willing to risk imprisonment in order to obtain this relief ...

Drama in the Little City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drama in the Little City - Essay Example The card was almost maxed out and every time the interest rolled over, it added an extra $50 to the account balance. Chase and Tara were going to be parents soon. Tara was almost 9 months pregnant with their first child. Chase just wanted the pregnancy to go smoothly and for the baby to be healthy. Chase was worried because he himself had been born with a congenital heart defect. His Dad was currently dealing with CHF (chronic heart failure). One of the ventricles in his Dad’s heart pumped much weaker than the other, thus causing the problem. Chase was also preoccupied with the other things that were on his mind. He was wondering why he had all these financial difficulties. He worried that he and Tara might have to move into the basement of her parents’ house while their financial troubles subsided. Chase was working full-time as a history teacher at the local high school. Tara worked from home as a romance novelist. She really had a flair for it, too. But her advances on her books were getting smaller and smaller these days; a thousand here and a thousand there. But the bills kept piling up and it seemed like their incomes were getting smaller and smaller as well. Anyway, the money she brought in was minimal compared to what Chase was making at his full-time job—but still, Tara contributed to the household’s overall income so he considered that a bonus. Chase worried excessively about his job security in this bad economy. All of a sudden, the car swerved. The roads were icy this time of year, and Chase hadn’t put the chains on the tires yet since it was not technically â€Å"winter† in Colorado. In addition to this, it was imperative that Chase kept the SUV from turning over while it was spinning out. Luckily there were no other cars or trucks on the road at the time. Chase thought about Tara, the baby—his life flashed before his eyes. He was cursing himself mentally for not having put the chains on the tires now. Anyway, there was no damage to the car, and Chase hadn’t been injured—but the car was slightly in the ditch. By the time the police and the yellow angel tow truck had gotten there to the scene, Chase was a little shaken up. Unfortunately, the police couldn’t do much more at this point, but the police encouraged him to go to the hospital to get checked out just to make sure he was okay. He thought it was a lot of fuss, but he decided in the interest o f safety just to do what they said anyway. By the time he had driven himself to the hospital, at that point, the hospital staff took over. He thought they were all very nice but were perhaps being a little too overzealous. There was one nurse, in particular, Mary G., who insistently kept checking up on Chase in the waiting room. What was disturbing was that the hospital staff wanted Chase to have an MRI, even though this had been a relatively minor accident. â€Å"Excuse me†¦.is this Tara?† â€Å"Yes, I’m Tara Moss†¦Who’s calling, please?† â€Å"Mary Giacomo from Little Company of Our Sister of the Sacred Heart Hospital. It is about your husband.† â€Å"Oh my God, what happened? Is he alright?† â€Å"We’re running some tests now, but he basically walked away with barely a scratch. He seems just fine. His SUV just spun out and got into the ditch a little bit on the highway.† The nurse, Mary G., decided to take it upon herself to call Tara. Mrs. Moss got on the telephone with the nurse and mentioned that her water had just broken.

Reading Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Reading Summary - Essay Example to identify changing customers’ requirements, identify adjacencies that may complement its existing products and in general, developed new products that anticipate customers’ needs. The networked solution generates pool of creative ideas that are tested for their relevance and undergo comprehensive R&D, marketing research, marketing and other functions before they are launched. It has given P&G significant competitive advantage in the market. ‘Tapping the World’s Innovation Hot Spots’ informs one about the different ways firms innovate in order to meet their strategic goals. The authors have broadly identified five major models of innovations that are used by firms: focused factory; brute force; Hollywood; large-scale ecosystem; and system integration. Focused factory model concentrates on few tasks or fields using talent pool to innovate. Brute force utilizes large number of ideas to develop highly useful and creative products. Firms forge alliances with universities and academia to tap new ideas. Hollywood model helps create special place like Silicon Valley where smart entrepreneurs gather and thrash out new ideas for innovation. Large-scale ecosystem is developed as response to emergencies or external environment like economic breakdown. Initiatives are often taken by national governments that give incentives to domestic agencies. System integration refers to services including R&D facilities and infrastructure that may be used by other firms to align their corporate strategies with models of innovation that best complement their competencies or requirements. The article is important as it expands on firm’s innovation

Mexico Country Report Essay Example for Free

Mexico Country Report Essay The measures of economic development in Mexico include per capita GDP of about 9,000 dollars. Mexico has a population of about 110 million people. It has a relatively well developed infrastructure and communication systems. Adult literacy is about 94% for the males whereas 91% for the females. Most of the labor force is concentrated in the agricultural sector (4%), industries (26%) and service industry (70%). The life expectancy in Mexico is about 75. 19% at birth. This encompasses all the races and sexes (Kohler and Tausch, 2002) Dependency theory versus modernization theory Dependency theory describes poverty as a consequence of the manner in which a country is integrated into a system rather than lack of integration. Mexico is mainly involved with other developed countries in terms of exports and the imports as the main economic activities. On the other hand, the developed countries are rarely involved in such activities with the developing countries. They are mainly involved with other countries that are well developed as well as internal trade. This consequently leads to less bargaining power in the world market (Kohler and Tausch, 2002) Religion and politics There has been considerable shift as far as religion is concerned. This also involves the relationship between the church and the state. Mexico is primarily a Roman Catholic nation though there has been continuous expansion of other evangelical churches. Despite the several constitutional bans imposed on the churches, they have continued to involve themselves in political issues. The Catholic Church, for example, has continued to involve itself in sensitive issues which concern the public. Mexico is now a multireligious nation since other evangelical churches have continued to grow in numbers. This can be attributed to the recruitment efforts in the earlier years (in the 1980s and 1990s). There are a number of protestant churches in Mexico today such as Seventh Day Adventist, Assemblies of God and the Mormons. The growth was greatly reported mainly in the south eastern part of Mexico. These areas include Chiapas, Campeche, Quintana Roo and other States in Mexico (Nesvig, 2006). The church state relations in Mexico have been reported to be one of the main causes of confrontations in Mexico. The Catholic Church has continued to play multiple roles in this nation. The government’s effort to curtail this influence has not been very successful. The catholic involvement in several areas (such as charities and institutions) and their rising numbers was seen as a threat to the government. The church’s involvement in politics is currently seen as a move to express their democratic rights and fight for the rights of the citizens. Their aim is to fight for good governance and correct the State. Currently, the relationship between the church and the state is a realistic one. This is due to the abolishment of most restrictions that had been imposed in the past (Camp, 2007). Ethnic-cultural divisions There are several indigenous groups found in Mexico. They belong to different ethnic groups and political affiliations. It is worth noting that the Indians are not just one group but comprise several ethnicities with a common background (historical and the cultural backgrounds). There are several cultural subdivisions in Mexico. One of the main subdivisions identifies the central, south eastern, northern and south Mexico. The northern part of Mexico which had been sparsely populated for a long time is now occupied by a small group of indigenous people. It is referred to as the frontier culture and it has a sparse population. The central and western part of Mexico has dense population. There are a number of indigenous populations in the central parts, coastal plains and the sierras. The culture in Mexico is a diverse one made up of different kinds of identities (Camp, 2007). Women and development It is reported that women participation in economic issues has greatly increased compared to the past. Most women are also involved in other activities in the nation and are paid better wages compared to the past. Despite the fact that men are the main persons in politics, women have also begun to be involved. This has been seen in the leadership roles in certain political parties in Mexico. On the other hand, women have also been involved in other social organizations and movements. Despite the fact that the law clearly advocates for equality between women and men, there is still differences between the two. This can be seen in the types of privileges and their authority. Women are mostly involved in religious issues in Mexico (Roberts and McBee, 2008) Agrarian reform and the politics of rural change The agrarian reforms in Mexico have been one of the main accomplishments in Mexico though it was not an easy task. It is reported that most people had small plots of lands which were not enough to meet their needs. Most of these people were the campesinos. However, most of the privately owned lands were taken and redistributed. The ejido or community plots were the mode of redistribution of the lands. In this arrangement, the government was petitioned by the citizens to seize most of the privately owned properties. The land was owned by the state but every person was free to farm. This was done either individually or as a group but the land could not be sold by the Ejidatarios. They were also compelled to continue using the lands or else the right of use is withdrawn. Every person had the right to use the land including the Comuneros. The current scenario in Mexico is the continued struggle to redistribute the lands to the poor who are landless. This is carried out by most organizations (Roberts and McBee, 2008) Rapid urbanization and the politics of the urban poor The rapid urbanization in Mexico can be attributed to certain policies which had positive impacts ion the industrial sector. They led to an increase in industrial production. Despite the rapid urbanization, several problems have also been encountered. For example, most cities do not have efficient way of distributing water supplies. Secondly, the sewerage system is not a good one in most areas. The factors which have contributed to urban growth are population increase and urban migration. Migration can be due to the search of better opportunities or lifestyle (Roberts and McBee, 2008) Despite the fact that the poverty trends in Mexico have been improving since 2002, the urban poverty has continued to rise. This is the greatest challenge as far as the equitable distribution of resources is concerned. The rural areas have continued to be improved with time and the level of poverty reduced in these areas. Several factors can be attributed to this change. These include; diversified incomes from economic activities and other services like tourism. The main area that needs improvement is the urban areas. Most people in these areas usually toil very hard but are paid less. Most of their incomes are got as a result of manual labor (about 60%). Accessibility of opportunities to the poor has not improved in the urban areas. Revolutionary change/Soldiers and politics The revolution in Mexico began as early as 1910 and it involved several movements. It kept changing from not just a revolt but into a civil war which involved several parties. It led to the establishment of the constitution in 1917 by the representatives. The beginning of the revolution was in 1929 with the establishment of National Revolutionary Party (NRP). It hang on to power until the year 2000 (Hart, 2007). This revolution involved everyone including Mexican women and their impacts were felt during this period. It is reported that they took part in several activities, professions and took part in wars. Some of the famous known women participants were known as the Soldaderas who were closely involved with the militias. It is reported that the main reasons why women joined in such risky affairs was due to fear of being left alone by their husbands. Some were also involved because they saw this as a collective duty. Some of the women who took part in the revolutionary process include Hermila Galindo and Dolores Muro (Jandura, 2009). The political economy of third world development Mexico experiences a wide gap more as far as wealth distribution is concerned. The level of inequalities has continued to rise in this country especially with the introduction of certain economic policies. It has been reported that a lot of people live below the poverty line with a small number of people in the middle class. The level of poverty and marginalization has continued to spread in many parts of the country but are mostly seen in the southern and central parts of rural Mexico. Most settlements do not have the basic services and social amenities. Most of the poorest groups are the Indians who are also highly marginalized (Anderson and Glade, 1963). On the other hand, the wealthiest groups of people are mostly the whites. The differences between the rich and the poor are easily noticed in the modes of dressing and the lifestyles of the people. The usage of facilities also shows a difference. Wealthy people have access to the best facilities and institutions whereas the poor are not allowed to. These differences have led to discrimination in Mexico and ethnic rivalry. Most of the government’s help is directed to the urban areas (Villareal, 2010). References Anderson, C. W. Glade, W. P. (1963). The Political Economy of Mexico. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Camp, R. A. (2007). Crossing swords: Politics and Religion in Mexico. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Hart J. M. (2007). Revolutionary Syndicalism in Mexico. Retrieved on 22 August 2010 from http://libcom. org/library/revolutionary-syndicalism-mexico-john-m-hart Jandura T. (2009). Revolutionary Mexican Women. Retrieved on 22 August 2010 from http://www. ic. arizona. edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/mex-jand. htm Kohler G. and Tausch A. (2002) Global Keynesianism: Unequal exchange and global exploitation. Huntington NY: Nova Science. Nesvig, M. A. (2006). Local Religion in Mexico. Gainesville: University Press of Florida Roberts E. R. McBee G. W. (2008) Modernization and Economic Development in Mexico: A factor analytic Approach. Retrieved on 22 August 2010 from http://www. jstor. org/pss/1152237 Villareal A. M. (March 31, 2010). US-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues and Implications. Retrieved on 22 August 2010 from http://www. fas. org/sgp/crs/row/RL32934. pdf

Individualistic and Traditionalistic Cultures in Texas Essay -- Politi

Texas is an intricate state with deep roots embedded in limited government authority. Almost all, Texans, favor the limited government between citizens and state. The two most important cultures in Texas are individualistic and traditionalistic culture. Individualistic views are summoned by limited government and that politics are the root of malicious acts, and is usually responded with negative reactions from the community. The individualistic cultures’ vision is egotistical for ones self-interest. The individualistic culture is viewed as priority in private independent business rather that those of the community as a whole. Unlike individualistic views, traditionalistic culture is motioned by conservatism. This cultures vision is supported by the common wealth of society’s privileged. Its beliefs are usually of distrust in its bureaucracy. Traditionalistic culture maintains an obligation to its family hierarchy. The traditionalistic subculture has a lower vo ting turn out rate compared to the opposition. These distinctive cultures were bestowed upon Texans in the 1800’s, when Texas was changing into a diverse and demographically society. Individualistic and traditionalistic cultures are the outline of ideology and certainty to the way Texas government is administrated. This has a huge impact on the way the Texas structures its government and why people support such a structure. And Texas is viewed as both subcultures. Individualistic subculture was based out of the â€Å"Middle East Atlantic states (Elazar)† and migrated towards the west in hopes of establishing a limited government course and eventually settling in Texas. Texas is a prominent state that stays true to its strict views about reduced government. So it i... ...neth M. Goldstein, and William G. Howell. "Chapter 20 The Social and Economic Milieu of Texas Poltics." Understanding American Politics and Government. Texas ed. New York: Longman, 2010. 690-93. Print. Elazar, Daniel. "Explaining Policy Differences Using Political Culture." Reading. West Texas A&M University. Political Culture Handout. Dr. Dave Rausch, Teel Bivins Professor of Political Science. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. Newell, Charldean. "Inflexibility, Traditionalism, and Partisanship: The Texas Response to New Federalism." Review. Annual Review of American Federalism 12 (1981 (1983): 185-95. Publius. Oxford University Press. Web. 23 Mar. 2011. "Texas Politics - Texas Political Culture." Welcome to Texas Politics. University of Texas at Austin, 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2011. .

Renaissance quizz

Renaissance What was one of the chief aims of Italian Renaissance art? Realistic portrayal of individual persons, especially the human nude What was considered to be most important in education of â€Å"Christian Ladies†? Domesticity or asceticism What is a fresco? Method of painting water-based pigments on freshly applied plaster, usually on wall surfaces. What was the purpose of liberal education? Liberal studies were viewed as the key to freedom, which allowed humans to achieve heir goals and reach their full potential. What was the aim off humanist education?Humanist education was thought as being an important factor to the preparation of life. Its main goal was to improve the lives of citizens and help their communities. What did Donated do in Rome? With Michelson he produced a series of works, including the tomb of Pope John XIII in the Baptistery, Florence, and the tomb of Cardinal Britannica in S. Angelo a Nil, Naples. What was Renaissance art influenced by? Humanism W hat did Renaissance artists seek to imitate? They tried to imitate nature and real life in their work.In politics, the Renaissance contributed the development of the conventions of diplomacy, and in science an increased reliance on observation. Historians often argue this intellectual transformation was a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic placements and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo dad Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term â€Å"Renaissance man†.As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources, which contemporaries credited to Patriarch, the development of linear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting, and grad ual but widespread educational reform. Renaissance quiz By legislation

Does Music Really Create Better Students Education Essay

In 1981 Bob Marley died of malignant melanoma, a unsafe malignant neoplastic disease found in the toe. â€Å" He was a large musical figure to the universe: his music spoke to an exhausted and oppressed coevals that had experienced incredible poorness, racism, hungriness, and force † ( HistoryWorld 2 ) .A Bob Marley ‘s lazy, loosen uping reggae music connected non merely with his Jamaican chaps, but besides to the young person in the United States and Western Europe so efficaciously that he was looked upon as one of the most influential political figures in the western world.A Bob Marley, a hapless Jamaican Rastafarian of 30 old ages, was lifted to a place of unofficial but immensely important political power by nil more than his religious, socially cognizant music.A Bob Marley is one of many instrumentalists that have proved that music can hold a profound consequence on many facets of humanity. Music is the most common linguistic communication in the western world.A Books must be translated, addresss interpreted, symbols and hand-gestures explained.A Music, on the other manus, is different.A American, Chinese, Russian, Italian, and German instrumentalists all â€Å" read † and â€Å" hear † the same music, â€Å" enchantment † chords the same manner, and know the same musical â€Å" alphabet. â€Å" A The alone uniformity of music makes it the lone linguistic communication that can be understood at face value by, rather literally, everyone who hears it.A While music is heard, on the most basic degree, uniformly by every hearer, it is wholly unfastened to reading. A It is about certain that each and every hearer who hears the exact same composing, in the exact manner, at the exact same clip, will construe it in a wholly original way.A A A A A A A The uniformity of linguistic communication and originality of reading that music provides causes it to unite both the logical â€Å" left-brain † and the originative â€Å" right-brain † in ways which no other medium renders possible.A For illustration, Miles Davis ‘s legendary free wind album Bitches Brew was captured in one recording and is wholly improvisational with perfectly zero anterior planning.A The antonym, nevertheless, can be seen in the preciseness and technically pristine playing of the great classical fiddle ace, Itzhak Perlman.A Both Davis and Perlman are playing nil but the standard 12 notes found in the musical alphabet.A Both exhausted countless hours for the huge bulk of their lives practising their trade, honing their accomplishments, analyzing the elaboratenesss of music theory, and the natural philosophies of their peculiar instruments.A The consequences of all of this pain-staking research and pattern, when interpreted and utilized by two d ifferent heads, are entire opposites.A On the one manus, the consequence is musical flawlessness – on the other, its opposite.A Both are superb, both are rooted in a really scientific and precise survey of music, both are wholly originally and are really different from one another.A This unusual combination of logic and creativeness becomes increasing apparent when music is utilized in the acquisition procedure and makes music critical portion of a kid ‘s instruction due to its consequence on concluding abilities and possible as a larning tool in many scenes. â€Å" Music is a powerful tool and as seen can dramatically better and enrich everybody. It makes sense to force music instruction and to let immature coevalss to derive these fantastic benefits – higher intelligence through increased originative thought, job resolution and physically stronger encephalons, a higher perceptual experience of life including better attitudes, strong desires to accomplish and carry through and higher ego esteem, better developed subject, survey accomplishments, concentration, communicating and squad accomplishments which transfer from instruction through to career and a better apprehension of communities and society † ( Guth 1 ) . A Music holds tremendous potency for helping in the educational process.A At the root of music ‘s possible as an educational tool is the alone manner that affects the human brain.A In recent old ages, scientists have made amazing finds demoing that music has a significant consequence on a hearer ‘s concluding abilities.A Scientists have been analyzing the effects of music on persons ‘ concluding abilities since the Gallic scientist Dr. Albert Tomatis began analyzing the effects of music composed by Amadeus Mozart on autistic kids in the late 1950's.A Children were trained to prove out how music effects their public presentations. At the terminal of preparation, all the kids were able to execute simple tunes by Beethoven and Mozart. When they did â€Å" they were so subjected to spatial-temporal logical thinking trials calibrated for age, and their public presentation was more than 30 % better than that of kids of similar age given either computing machine lessons f or 6 months or no particular preparation. † ( Bridgett 3 ) Since so legion scientist at the helm of legion surveies have concluded non merely that music has a positive consequence on the encephalon ‘s capacity to believe critically, but that music can arouse drastic alterations in temper and heed. A survey published in May of 2001 by Atkinson College ‘s Psychology Department examined the cogency of the Mozart Effect.A The research workers tested the effects of listening to a bright, up-tempo piece of music on spacial logical thinking and compared them to the effects of listening to a slow, sad piece of music.A They measured non merely the participants ‘ ability to ground following hearing to the piece but besides the consequence that the piece had on their mood.A They found that those who listened to the sad music experienced feelings of ennui or unhappiness and performed significantly worse on the concluding trial. The survey concluded that music ‘s consequence on concluding and test-taking abilities is really a bypr oduct of the effects music has on mood.A They concluded that the Mozart Effect resulted in â€Å" an sweetening of spatial-temporal logical thinking public presentation after listening to Mozart ‘s music for 10 proceedingss depends on the person and the particular undertakings chosen. † ( Bridgett 6 ) Then In 2008 the Osaka School of Medicine conducted a survey that expanded on this concept.A The 2008 survey examined topics ‘ encephalons as they listened to music.A This survey focused on the key of the music and its consequence on the brain.A The survey found that music composed in a major manner ( which tends to sound â€Å" happier † ) reduces emphasis degrees and can greatly cut down mental weariness which can halter the encephalon ‘s ability to treat information and do decisions.A Music composed in a minor manner ( which tends to sound â€Å" sad † ) besides had a positive consequence on the encephalon but non to the same extent.A A While the music does impact the human encephalon unusually and positively, the possible benefits music can convey to pupils are non limited to its mensurable impact on the brain.A Music is besides an effectual tool for larning a assortment of accomplishments that are good to pupils ‘ mundane lives in the long term, including logical thinking and analytical abilities, teamwork, and discipline.A One accomplishment that music helps to learn that is really closely related to its antecedently mentioned effects on encephalon chemical science is by conditioning pupils to look at and analyze state of affairss creatively.A Music presents an remarkably synergistic and entertaining manner of learning pupils to believe critically and to work out jobs that are frequently abstract and subjective in nature.A â€Å" The substance of drama in really immature kids is normally comprised of the environmental objects and experiences to which they have been exposed. If the music environment is sufficiently rich, there will be a uninterrupted and of all time richer spiral of exposure to new musical elements followed by the kid ‘s playful experimentation with these elements. † ( Suda 6 ) Music instantly teaches pupils to do abstract associations between what their fingers do and what they hear come out of their instrument.A Students can instantly get down, merely by larning a simple tune that they hear on a regular footing ( Happy Birthday, Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, etc. ) , larning to organize and do these associations.A Once pupils learn to read music an wholly new kingdom of possibility is opened.A Students so get down doing associations between what they read on the piece of music, what note they are to play ( A, C # , D, Bb, etc. ) what their fingers should make to properly p lay the note ( on many instruments this may affect a determination between to feasible methods of playing the same note ) , and what the note will sound like in context.A When reading music, nevertheless, this melodious reading is accompanied by an every bit of import rhythmic reading.A A A A A A A Rhythm is highly of import to any piece of music and is an effectual tool for learning fractions and division.A Being able to split is critical to being able to read rhythms.A The basic rhythmic pulsation of a piece of music is called the beat.A You may detect a performing artist ‘s pes tapping as he plays.A Performers frequently tap their pes on each round or every other beat.A The velocity with which the beats pass is called the pacing. Throughout a work, the music will be notated with a series of specific types of notes.A Among these are whole notes, half notes, one-fourth notes, and 8th notes.A In 4/4 or â€Å" common clip, † if a note is marked with a whole note the note will be held for four beats.A If marked with a half note it will be held for half of four beats.A In order to decently read a beat a pupil must larn how to divide.A Harmonizing to a recent survey on a school, â€Å" 76 per centum of kids enrolled in the music plan performed above norm on their math ematical scrutinies † ( Edarticle.com 2 ) . This clearly makes rhythm an effectual tool for larning peculiar mathematical accomplishments. More of import than the specific accomplishments that reading music and rhythm aid to learn is the fact that public presentation of a piece of written music requires insistent and changeless exercise of these skills.A A While reading a piece of music a individual must travel through all the associations necessary to play a note that they see written and at the same time analyze the peculiar rhythmic marker and keep the note for the proper duration.A Before the note has been sounding for its full continuance, the performing artist or pupil must already be treating the following note and finding its proper rhythmic value.A A piece of music every bit simple as â€Å" Jingle Bells † will necessitate a pupil to do this association over one hundred times.A Scientists have discovered that larning to read music or play a musical instrument develops higher believing skills.A † The kid who is skilled at music excels at problem-solving, rating, and analysis.A Music reading uses the same part of the encephalon that ‘s used in mathematical thought † ( Schellenberg 4 ) .A That ‘s why so many adept instrumentalists are besides rather good in math.A Music requires changeless mental exercising that can fix the head with the ability to do split-second analyses in any state of affairs. A A A Not merely does music promote a pupil to work independently, it besides encourages pupils to join forces with others and work as portion of a team.A For most kids, athleticss squads are the lone chance to larn how to work as portion of a team.A Sports, nevertheless, are highly limited in their ability to provide different ability levels.A Sports tend to offer squads for really specific age degrees and, at each interval, there is a really limited scope of accomplishment levels.A This often consequences in the exclusion of kids who, due to their physical properties or skill degree, can non maintain gait with the rate at which other kids their age learn.A Sports, by nature, are besides highly competitive.A This competition consequences in competition non merely between squads, but between team-mates and consequences in the exclusion of kids who can non efficaciously assist their squad win.A â€Å" Music allows people of all ages and accomplishment degrees to take part and join fo rces † ( Guth 1 ) . Unlike athleticss, which is limited to athletic peoples, music is something that ensures people that no affair what their ability degree or when they began to larn about music, can bask the educational benefits that music offers.A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Music may besides be used to profit pupils in the survey of History.A It is important for a pupil to hold a thorough apprehension of the societal and cultural context of a historical event if he or she is to understand it completely.A For this ground CollegeBoard has stated that the surveies of â€Å" cultural, economic, political, and societal developments and artistic look and rational discourse are the main aims of their Advanced Placement European classs † ( Collegeboard.com 1 ) .A Music is a microcosm of the society that produces it, and is, hence, reveals much about the thoughts and doctrines of a clip period.A The late seventeenth century and the mid eighteenth century were know as the â€Å" Age of Enlightenment † a clip of progressive idea and philosophy.A This is apparent in the music of the time.A Around the bend of that century came the morning of the Classical Period.A This was a clip of complex, yet subdued music.A Composers like Wolf gang Mozart and Franz Shubert composed spectacularly complex and intellectually stimulating music that reflected the meditative, subdued philosophical nature of much of European society. In short, music is intended to be a vehicle for self-expression and in a universe where so much history is left off the functionary record, music is the lone penetration we have into the elaboratenesss of society that would otherwise be lost forever.A Exposure to the music of different civilizations and even different categories or societies within a peculiar civilization shows us how the universe looked through the eyes of those who were at that place and helps us to understand the societal context of the events that we study in history category. A A A A A A A A A A A Music is besides utile in the survey of English, much in the same manner that it ‘s utile in the survey of History.A Literature and music, over the class of history, both evolve as parts of larger artistic movements.A Romanticism, Impressionism, Realism, and other artistic motions all have distinguishable features that are seeable through the scrutiny of all artistic media.A For case, Romantic authors wrote about the extremes of human emotion.A Edgar Allen Poe wrote of horror and enigma and many other authors wrote of freedom, joy, hatred, fright, and the full spectrum of human emotion.A â€Å" Music of the Romantic period explored the same full scope through the usage of complex, modulating harmoniousness and wild swings in pacing and dynamic † ( HistoryWorld 8 ) A Through the observation of music of assorted clip periods and civilizations, much can be learned about the larger artistic motions of which plants of literature were a portion. Music ‘s possible educational benefits are countless, but doing these benefits accessible to kids can show rather a challenge.A There are, nevertheless, several ways that music can be made more readily available to students.A The first and most straightforward manner to advance music instruction is to do instruments more available to pupils outside of the classroom.A Music instruction is often available through private teachers but, due to fiscal or other restraints, is frequently non a feasible option.A In the past 50 old ages, direction in the humanistic disciplines have alternately ascended and descended in their popularity, verve, and support, particularly in the K-12 classs. â€Å" Music has taken some of the biggest and more frequent cuts among the humanistic disciplines due, in great portion, to the high costs of sheet music and instrument purchase and fix. Other humanistic disciplines direction such as ocular humanistic disciplines, dance, and choir have suffered great ly from clip to clip, but music seems to hold taken the greatest hit † ( Guth 2 ) . Many of these establishments, are sustained by authorities money or the contributions of private citizens.A This greatly limits the support that is available for new extracurricular activities or the enlargement of those that are in topographic point already. A A A A A A A A A A A A Integrating music into the current instruction system would let for the sweetening of the nucleus capable affair upon which simple, in-between, and high school instruction is based.A While music ‘s utilizations as a instruction aide do it highly utile, incorporating musical analysis into the nucleus course of study would let pupils to enrich their instructions and would besides expose them to a linguistic communication that is genuinely cosmopolitan and is proven to heighten their heads ability to analyse and reason.A The usage of music in the instruction in some signifier or another will expose pupils to a sophisticated cosmopolitan art-form that is both aesthetically and practically valuable.

A Tyrannical Empire essays

A Tyrannical Empire essays The Founding Fathers established our country in the basis of freedom. It is this freedom that separates us from tyranny and what makes up America. The accusation was made in our Declaration of Independence against King George III as a result by the tyranny of Great Britain. Politically, the tyranny of George III had severed ties with America with their ideal of Virtual Representation. Socially, the George III s tyranny acted as an instrument of depriving American residents of their Empire by limiting their basic rights. Economically, his tyranny over America directly caused a downward direction of economic expansion with various wrongful acts and imposing taxes. Thus, these transformations in American colonial society were a result of George III tyrannical usurpations and made up the statement condemning him and his empire of their acts in the Declaration of Independence. The accusation made against George III is politically justified in several ways. Virtual Representation is a complete polar opposite of what the Americans held their belief of politics by. Americans wanted to be represented by their own distinct representative to make their laws. On the other hand, the Britishs idea of absolute sovereignty over America was that even though America did not have representatives in Parliament, they were still represented because America resided in the British Empire. This was viewed as absurd to both sides and while America wanted shared sovereignty and British absolute none had reached a resolution. The reason being is that during the period of salutary neglect, which lasted close to a century, (approx. from 1689-1763) the Americans relied on themselves to run the colonies. It was also an inter-colonial job that created an image of self-identity. These opposing views thus severed ties and Americans led to repel away from the British. This was why such an accusation was made against George III. Moreover, by ...

Free Essays on Ideology According To Marx And Althusser In Relation To Bartleby The Scrivener

, subsistence, what one needs to live. Subsistence is acquired by tools, and with out ideology and concepts, no culture would develop and no groups would form, and therefore one... Free Essays on Ideology According To Marx And Althusser In Relation To Bartleby The Scrivener Free Essays on Ideology According To Marx And Althusser In Relation To Bartleby The Scrivener Ideology according to Karl Marx and Louis Althusser in relation to Herman Mellvile’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener† Ideology is defined as one’s certain beliefs or ones philosophy. Many theorists have interpreted and expanded upon this definition in a myriad of ways. In his essay, The German Ideology, Karl Marx sees ideology as a camera obscure, a distortion that hides the truth, that makes us believe one thing, but is inverted. He also sees ideology as being the product of an epoch. This means that an epoch’s dominant class is the deciding factor in that period’s dominant ideology. In the essay Ideology, and Ideological State Apparatuses, Louis Althusser defines Ideology as a â€Å"representation of the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence.†(2) This means that nobody believes in something purely and that all beliefs are shaded by ones experience. As concepts things do not function materially, but imaginary. Althusser also argues that ideology comes automatically to each individual as we are all pulled into some idea of sel fhood from birth, and the very idea of selfhood is a product of ideology. Herman Melville’s story, Bartleby the Scrivener is exemplary of where these two ideologies can be analyzed and discussed. Bartleby is a very quirky character according to what is seen as normal in society. His boss, a lawyer describes himself as someone who from â€Å"his youth upward, has been filled with a profound conviction that the easiest way of life is the best.† (3) This is a classic example of typical ideological concepts. According to Marx, the dominant class of an epoch is the deciding factor of the dominant ideas of that epoch. Ideology involves developing the means of survival, or in Marx words, subsistence, what one needs to live. Subsistence is acquired by tools, and with out ideology and concepts, no culture would develop and no groups would form, and therefore one...

Describing Some Special Interest, Significant Experience, or Personal Statement

Describing Some Special Interest, Significant Experience, or Achievement Relevant - Personal Statement Example Also, I convinced business owners to do their part by placing their business name on donation bags as part of their business promotion campaign. This idea was very well received and as a result of it, many ordinary members also decided to contribute in the form of a cash gift. 2. Knowledge or creativity in a field: Describe any of your special interests and how you have developed knowledge in these areas. Give examples of your creativity: the ability to see alternatives; take diverse perspectives; come up with many, varied, or original ideas; or willingness to try new things. I have been interested in economics from a very young age. I was encouraged by my grandparents to open up a cow-house. This was a great experience until Korea struck a new Free Trade Agreements with the United States. This caused livestock prices to fall and the whole sector experienced to slowdown. I was fascinated by the way that this FTA affected the Korean economy in different ways and this made me reflect more on economics, including factors like limited capital and external changes. I learned to recognize market and economic trends and this helped to develop my creativity in terms of economics and its related fields. 3. Dealing with adversity: Describe the most significant challenge you have faced and the steps you have taken to address this challenge. Include whether you turned to anyone in facing that challenge, the role that person played, and what you learned about yourself. Working a part-time job is not easy. I experienced some difficulties with one particular supervisor. He was very critical of my work. The more he tried to hassle me at work, the tougher and stronger I became. I was not going to let him treat me like an idiot. I turned to my senior co-workers and begged them to train me so that our supervisor could never find a reason to pick on me. I was able to prove that I could do the job and much more.  Ã‚  

Gourmet review about Great wall Chinese food (experts review) Essay

Gourmet review about Great wall Chinese food (experts review) - Essay Example The staff in this restaurant is simply adorable catering to every need of the customers without having to be asked twice about the same thing. Their service is also faster compared to other Chinese restaurants and hence encouraging people to come back again for excellent service (Tripadvisor 2015). The pricing is just right and within the normal pricing range of other Chinese restaurants. This is despite the personalized services offered to the customers whether it is during peak or off peak hours (The Examiner, 2012). They also offer specials which is effective and convenient for those customers in a hurry and have no time to start looking at the menu and deciding what to eat or take away. The specials are also sometimes new menus which increases the diversity of their foods (Schwab, 2015). With the competition in Chinese restaurants, what makes this restaurant stand out other than the quality location with good atmosphere is the fact that they serve special vegetarian food on Mondays (Lyness, 2013). This provides a chance for the unhealthy eaters to indulge in healthy food once a week as well as cater for the vegetarian population. Lyness, Stephanie. Dim Sum, and Much More, in a No-Frills Setting. The New York Times, 2013. Retrieved from